Biodynamic viticulture

Biodynamic viticulture applies to the vine the principles set out by Rudolf Steiner in his 1924 lectures. It bans synthetic chemical inputs and relies on preparations such as horn manure, known as preparation 500, buried in a cow horn over winter then dynamised in water before spraying. Vineyard work follows a lunar and planetary calendar. The Demeter and Biodyvin certifications frame this approach across Europe and beyond.